Soil remediation is an essential process in restoring land to its original state, after reducing any contaminant levels to safe standards. It refers to the various procedures used in the purification and renewal of soil.
These techniques are usually completed prior to landscaping or tilling the land. Polluted or contaminated elements in the soil can be easily removed by soil remediation techniques. Some of the commonly used methods include soil vapor extraction, excavation, soil stabilization and chemical oxidation.
Excavation is a technique which is generally used to restore the top soil and is considered as the best method to remove the contaminants. It is also considered the safest method.
Topsoil vapor extraction is a part of soil remediation process which not only purifies the air but also restores and repairs the eco-system in general. This technique draws off a significant amount of volatile constituents in contaminated soils and is often referred to as soil venting and vacuum extraction.
Soil stabilization is another important technique which uses chemical reagents. However, it takes some time before the desired results are achieved. This method creates a chemically stable material within the soil. Lime is used as a reagent here to effectively solidify the contaminants in topsoil.
Chemical oxidation and pump-and-treat remediation techniques also play a significant role in soil remediation. In chemical oxidation, oxidants are injected to the soil thereby changing the contaminated elements to harmless, naturally occurring compounds. The latter is self-descriptive, consisting of pumping out contaminated water out of the ground and treating it further.
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